Association of 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid Exposure during Pregnancy with Maternal Outcomes and Newborn Anthropometric Measures: Results from the IoMum Cohort Study.

The aims of this study were to characterize the exposure of pregnant women living in Portugal to 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and to evaluate the association of this exposure with maternal outcomes and newborn anthropometric measures. We also aimed to compare exposure in summer with exposure in winter. Pregnant women attending ultrasound scans from April 2018 to April 2019 at a central hospital in Porto, Portugal, were invited to participate. Inclusion criteria were: gestational week between 10 and 13, confirmed fetal vitality, and a signature of informed consent. 3-PBA was measured in spot urine samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The median 3-PBA concentration was 0.263 (0.167; 0.458) µg/g creatinine (n = 145). 3-PBA excretion was negatively associated with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.049), and it was higher during the summer when compared to winter (p < 0.001). The frequency of fish or yogurt consumption was associated positively with 3-PBA excretion, particularly during the winter (p = 0.002 and p = 0.015, respectively), when environmental exposure is low. Moreover, 3-PBA was associated with levothyroxine use (p = 0.01), a proxy for hypothyroidism, which could be due to a putative 3-PBA-thyroid hormone antagonistic effect. 3-PBA levels were not associated with the anthropometric measures of the newborn. In conclusion, pregnant women living in Portugal are exposed to 3-PBA, particularly during summer, and this exposure may be associated with maternal clinical features.

Effects of Low-Protein Diet on lipid and anthropometric profiles of patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative management / Efeitos da dieta hipoproteica sobre os perfis lipídico e antropométrico de pacientes com doença renal crônica em tratamento conservador

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) patients have a high prevalence of cardiovascular mortality, and among the risk factors are dyslipidemia and obesity, common findings in the early stages of CKD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low protein diet (LPD) on the lipid and anthropometric profile in non-dialysis CKD patients. Methods: Forty CKD patients were studied (20 men, 62.7 ± 15.2 years, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 26.16 ± 9.4 mL/min/1.73m2). LPD (0.6g/kg/d) was prescribed for six months and, biochemical and anthropometric parameters like body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and body fat mass (assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry - DXA) were evaluated before and after six months with LPD. Results: After six months of nutritional intervention, patients presented reduction on BMI (from 28.1 ± 5.6 to 27.0 ± 5.3 Kg/m2, p = 0.001), total cholesterol (from 199.7 ± 57.1 to 176.0 ± 43.6mg/dL, p = 0.0001), LDL (from 116.2 ± 48.1 to 97.4 ± 39.1 mg/dL, p = 0,001) and uric acid (from 6.8 ± 1.4 to 6.2 ± 1.3 mg/dL, p = 0.004). In addition, GFR values were increased from 26.2 ± 9.5 to 28.9 ± 12.7mL/min (p = 0.02). The energy, proteins, cholesterol and fiber intake were reduced significantly. Conclusion: LPD prescribe to non-dialysis CKD patients for six months was able to improve some cardiovascular risk factors as overweight and plasma lipid profile, suggesting that LPD can be also an important tool for protection against cardiovascular diseases in these patients.

RESUMO Introdução: Pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) possuem alta prevalência de mortalidade cardiovascular e, dentre os fatores de risco, encontram-se alterações no perfil lipídico e excesso de peso, que são achados comuns na DRC. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da dieta hipoproteica sobre o perfil antropométrico e lipídico de pacientes com DRC em tratamento conservador. Métodos: Foram estudados 40 pacientes com DRC (20 homens, 62,7 ± 15,2 anos, e Taxa de Filtração Glomerular (TFG) de 26,2 ± 9,4 mL/min/1,73m2). Os pacientes receberam prescrição de dieta hipoproteica (0,6g/kg/d) e parâmetros bioquímicos e antropométricos como índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC) e percentual de gordura corporal (GC) avaliado por absorciometria com raio-x de dupla energia (DXA), foram analisados antes e após 6 meses de intervenção. Resultados: Os pacientes apresentaram após 6 meses, redução do IMC (de 28,1 ± 5,6 para 27,0 ± 5,3Kg/m2, p = 0,001), colesterol total (de 199,7 ± 57,1 para 176,0 ± 43,6mg/dL, p = 0,0001), LDL (de 116,2 ± 48,1 para 97,4 ± 39,1 mg/dL, p = 0,001) e ácido úrico (de 6,8 ± 1,4 para 6,2 ± 1,3 mg/dL, p = 0,004) e, aumento da TFG de 26,2 ± 9,5 para 28,9 ± 12,7mL/min (p = 0,02). Houve redução significativa na ingestão de energia e proteínas, bem como de colesterol e fibras. Conclusão: A intervenção com dieta hipoproteica para pacientes com DRC em tratamento conservador por seis meses foi capaz de melhorar alguns fatores de risco cardiovascular, como o excesso de peso e o perfil lipídico plasmático, sugerindo que a dieta hipoproteica, além de outros benefícios pode também ser importante ferramenta para a proteção de doenças cardiovasculares nesses pacientes.

Effects of Low-Protein Diet on lipid and anthropometric profiles of patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative management.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic Kidney disease (CKD) patients have a high prevalence of cardiovascular mortality, and among the risk factors are dyslipidemia and obesity, common findings in the early stages of CKD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of low protein diet (LPD) on the lipid and anthropometric profile in non-dialysis CKD patients. METHODS: Forty CKD patients were studied (20 men, 62.7 ± 15.2 years, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 26.16 ± 9.4 mL/min/1.73m2). LPD (0.6g/kg/d) was prescribed for six months and, biochemical and anthropometric parameters like body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and body fat mass (assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry - DXA) were evaluated before and after six months with LPD. RESULTS: After six months of nutritional intervention, patients presented reduction on BMI (from 28.1 ± 5.6 to 27.0 ± 5.3 Kg/m2, p = 0.001), total cholesterol (from 199.7 ± 57.1 to 176.0 ± 43.6mg/dL, p = 0.0001), LDL (from 116.2 ± 48.1 to 97.4 ± 39.1 mg/dL, p = 0,001) and uric acid (from 6.8 ± 1.4 to 6.2 ± 1.3 mg/dL, p = 0.004). In addition, GFR values were increased from 26.2 ± 9.5 to 28.9 ± 12.7mL/min (p = 0.02). The energy, proteins, cholesterol and fiber intake were reduced significantly. CONCLUSION: LPD prescribe to non-dialysis CKD patients for six months was able to improve some cardiovascular risk factors as overweight and plasma lipid profile, suggesting that LPD can be also an important tool for protection against cardiovascular diseases in these patients.

Effect of grape juice consumption on antioxidant activity and interleukin-6 concentration in lactating rats / Efecto del consumo de zumo de uva en la actividad antioxidante y la concentración de interleucina-6 en ratas lactantes

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of grape juice consumption on the antioxidant capacity and the interleukin-6 blood level of lactating rats. Material and method: Eighteen Wistar rats, lactating females adult, were divided into two groups: control group (CG) and grape juice group (GJG). The antioxidant activity was determined by the method of 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-kidnapping of free radicals (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and the interleukin-6 was determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The data were presented as mean and standard deviation. Results: The antioxidant capacity was higher (p < 0.05) in the GJG (25.00 ± 3.08 μmol eq. Trolox/g) than in the CG (10.00 ± 3.11 μmol eq. Trolox/g), by the ORAC method. The interleukin-6 (pg/ml) level was lower in the grape juice group than in CG. Conclusion: The consumption of grape juice during lactation improves the antioxidant capacity in lactating rats and seems capable to decrease the inflammatory activity (AU)

Introducción: este estudio evaluó el efecto del consumo de zumo de uva sobre la capacidad antioxidante y el nivel de interleucina-6 en sangre de ratas lactantes. Material y método: dieciocho ratas Wistar lactantes adultas se dividieron en dos grupos: grupo control (CG) y grupo de zumo de uva (GJU). La actividad antioxidante se determinó mediante el método de secuestro de radicales libres (DPPH) y la Capacidad de Absorción Radical de Oxígeno (ORAC) por 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), y la interleucina-6 se determinó mediante Inmunosorbent Enzyme-linked Método de ensayo (ELISA). Los datos se presentaron como media y desviación estándar. Resultados: la capacidad antioxidante fue mayor (p < 0,05) en el GJU (25,00 ± 3,08 μmol ecuación Trolox/g) que en el CG (10,00 ± 3,11 μmol ecuación Trolox/g), según el método ORAC. El nivel de interleucina-6 (pg/ml) fue menor en el grupo de zumo de uva que en CG. Conclusión: el consumo de zumo de uva durante la lactancia mejora la capacidad antioxidante de las ratas lactantes y parece ser capaz de disminuir la actividad inflamatoria (AU)

Effects of grape powder supplementation on inflammatory and antioxidant markers in hemodialysis patients: a randomized double-blind study.

INTRODUCTION: Polyphenols contained in natural sources such as grapes, have been considered pharmacological agents to combat oxidative stress and inflammation, common features in Chronic Kidney Disease patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of grape powder supplementation on inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers in hemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS: The double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial evaluated non-diabetic HD patients that received grape powder (500 mg of polyphenols/day) (n = 16, 9 men, 53.0 ± 9.8 years of age, 111.6 ± 58.2 HD months) or placebo (n = 16, 9 men, 52.7 ± 13.7 years of age, 110.4 ± 93.1 HD months) for five weeks. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated by ELISA method. RESULTS: After the intervention period, the patients receiving grape powder showed an increase in the GSH-Px activity (16.5 (41.0) to 42.0 (43.3) nmol/min/ml) (p < 0.05) and they did not have the CRP levels increased as seen in placebo group (2.6 (0.28) to 2.8 (0.23 mg/L) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The use of grape powder as phenolic source could play an important role as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in non-diabetic HD patients.

Effects of grape powder supplementation on inflammatory and antioxidant markers in hemodialysis patients: A randomized double-blind study / Efeitos da suplementação de farinha de uva sobre marcadores inflamatórios e antioxidantes em pacientes em hemodiálise: Estudo duplo-cego randomizado

Introduction: Polyphenols contained in natural sources such as grapes, have been considered pharmacological agents to combat oxidative stress and inflammation, common features in Chronic Kidney Disease patients. Objective: To evaluate the effects of grape powder supplementation on inflammatory and antioxidant biomarkers in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: The double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial evaluated non-diabetic HD patients that received grape powder (500 mg of polyphenols/day) (n = 16, 9 men, 53.0 ± 9.8 years of age, 111.6 ± 58.2 HD months) or placebo (n = 16, 9 men, 52.7 ± 13.7 years of age, 110.4 ± 93.1 HD months) for five weeks. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated by ELISA method. Results: After the intervention period, the patients receiving grape powder showed an increase in the GSH-Px activity (16.5 (41.0) to 42.0 (43.3) nmol/min/ml) (p < 0.05) and they did not have the CRP levels increased as seen in placebo group (2.6 (0.28) to 2.8 (0.23 mg/L) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of grape powder as phenolic source could play an important role as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in non-diabetic HD patients. .

Introdução: Polifenóis contidos em fontes naturais, como as uvas, têm sido considerados agentes farmacológicos no combate ao estresse oxidativo e inflamação, condições comuns na Doença Renal Crônica. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da suplementação de farinha de uva sobre marcadores inflamatórios e antioxidantes em pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise (HD). Métodos: Estudo randomizado, duplo-cego, placebocontrolado, no qual foram avaliados pacientes não diabéticos em HD que receberam farinha de uva (500 mg de polifenóis/dia) (n = 16, 9 homens, 53,0 ± 9,8 anos, 111,6 ± 58,2 meses em HD) ou placebo (n = 16, 9 homens, 52,7 ± 13,7 anos, 110,4 ± 93,1 meses em HD) por cinco semanas. A atividade da glutationa peroxidase (GSH-Px) e os níveis plasmáticos de proteína C-reativa (PCR) foram mensurados por meio do método ELISA. Resultados: Após o período de intervenção, os pacientes que receberam farinha de uva apresentaram elevação na atividade da GSH-Px (16,5 (41,0) para 42,0 (43,3) nmol/min/ml) (p < 0,05) e não foi observada elevação nos níveis de PCR, como visto no grupo placebo (2,6 (0,28) para 2,8 (0,23) mg/L) (p < 0,05). Conclusão: O uso da farinha de uva como fonte de polifenóis pode desempenhar um importante papel anti-inflamatório e antioxidante em pacientes não diabéticos submetidos à HD. .

Compostos fenólicos: possíveis aplicações na doença renal crônica / Phenolic compounds: possible applicability in chronic kidney disease

Phenolic compounds or polyphenols are bioactive compounds widely distributed in many foods such as fruits, vegetables, tea and wine. Several studies indicate the important role of these compounds in the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, polyphenols may be considered pharmacological agents capable of combating oxidative stress owing to reduced formation of reactive oxygen species and inflammation. The imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant capacity is a common feature in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with progression of disease, and is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality in these patients. Although scarce, some studies have shown the benefits of using phenolic compounds in patients with chronic kidney disease and, therefore, the present review discusses the possible applicability of phenolic compounds in this population.

Los compuestos fenólicos o polifenoles son compuestos bioactivos ampliamente distribuidos en muchos alimentos, tales como frutas, legumbres, verduras, tés y vino. Varios estudios indican el importante papel de estos compuestos en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas, tales como cáncer y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Además, debido a sus propiedades anti-inflamatorias y antioxidantes, los polifenoles pueden ser considerados agentes farmacológicos capaces de combatir el estrés oxidativo, debido a la reducción de la formación de especies reactivas del oxígeno o radicales libres. El desequilibrio entre la producción de radicales libres y la capacidad antioxidante es una característica común de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (DRC) y está relacionado con la progresión de la lesión renal, además de que se considera un factor de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares, la principal causa de mortalidad en estos pacientes. Aunque sean escasos, algunos estudios han demostrado los beneficios de la utilización de compuestos fenólicos en los pacientes con DRC y, por lo tanto, la presente revisión pretende debatir la posible aplicabilidad de los compuestos fenólicos en esta población.

Os compostos fenólicos ou polifenóis são compostos bioativos amplamente distribuídos em diversos alimentos, como frutas, legumes, verduras, chás e vinho. Diversos estudos apontam o importante papel destes compostos na prevenção de doenças crônicas, como câncer e doenças cardiovasculares. Além disso, em virtude de suas habilidades anti-inflamatórias e antioxidantes, os polifenóis podem ser considerados agentes farmacológicos capazes de combater o estresse oxidativo devido à redução na formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio ou radicais livres. O desequilíbrio entre a produção de radicais livres e a capacidade antioxidante é uma característica comum nos pacientes com doença renal crônica (DRC) e está associado à progressão da lesão renal, além de ser considerado um fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, a principal causa de mortalidade nestes pacientes. Apesar de escassos, alguns trabalhos têm mostrado os benefícios do uso dos compostos fenólicos nos pacientes com DRC e, portanto, a presente revisão pretende discutir a possível aplicabilidade dos compostos fenólicos nesta população.

Ácidos graxos: uma revisão / Fatty acids: a review

Os lipídios da dieta são fonte de ácidos graxos essenciais para o organismo humano, onde se encontram os ácidos linoléico e `alfaï-linolênico. Os ácidos graxos são importantes, para o balanço energético, biossíntese de membranas, produção de eicosanóides e outras funções especilaizadas. Nos tecidos, os ácidos graxos podem ser oxidados a acetil-CoA (ß-oxidação) ou esterificados a acilglicerol, onde como triacilglicerol constituem a forma mais eficiente de reserva calórica do organismo. Muitas das propriedades funcionais das membranas são influenciadas por ácidos graxos que compõem os fosfolipídeos. Os ácidos graxos saturados diminuem a fluidez das membranas, enquanto os ácidos graxos polinsaturados promovem maior fluidez...

Influência de dietas ricas em ácidos graxos cis/trans sobre a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes em ratos portadores do tumor de Walker-256 / Influence of diets rich in cis and trans fatty acids on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in rats with Walker-256 tumor

O balanço entre oxidantes e antioxidantes desenpenha um importante papel nos processos de iniciaçäo, promoçäo e na terapia de resistência ao câncer. As enzimas antioxidantes superóxido dismutase (SOD), glutationa peroxidase (GPx) e catalase (CAT), formam o mecanismo primário do sistema de defesa celular contra as espécies reativas do oxigênio (ERO). O objetio deste estudo foi investigar a influência de dietas ricas em ácidos graxos cis e trans na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes em ratos portadores do tumor de Walker-256 (TW). Ratos Wistar recém desmamados foram alimentados por um período de sete semanas com dieta suplementada com áleo de soja (ácidos graxos cis) e dieta suplementada com gordura...